#20.
“All animals wage perpetual war; every species is born to devour another. Not one,
not even sheep or doves, that does not swallow a prodigious number of invisible
creatures. Males make war for the females, like Menelaus and Paris. Air, earth, water,
are fields of carnage. God having given reason to men, this reason might teach them no
to emulate the brutes, particularly when nature has provided them neither with arms to
kill their fellows nor with a desire for their blood.”
“Can there be anything more horrible in all nature?”
- Voltaire
What is the author’s stand on war?
A
It is horrible
B
It is important
C
It is a means to control population
D
It is a natural product of man’s reason.
Answer: It is horrible
#21.
In the sixteenth century, an age of great marine and terrestrial exploration, Ferdinand Magellan
led the first expedition to sail around the world. As a young Portuguese noble, he served the king
of Portugal, but he became involved in the quagmire of political intrigue at court and lost the
king's favor. After he was dismissed from service to the king of Portugal, he offered to serve the
future Emperor Charles V of Spain.
A papal decree of 1493 had assigned all land in the New World west of 50 degrees W longitude
to Spain and all the land east of that line to Portugal. Magellan offered to prove that the East
Indies fell under Spanish authority. On September 20, 1519, Magellan set sail from Spain with
five ships. More than a year later, one of these ships was exploring the topography of South
America in search of a water route across the continent. This ship sank, but the remaining four
ships searched along the southern peninsula of South America. Finally they found the passage
they sought near a latitude of 50 degrees S. Magellan named this passage the Strait of All Saints,
but today we know it as the Strait of Magellan.
One ship deserted while in this passage and returned to Spain, so fewer sailors were privileged to
gaze at that first panorama of the Pacific Ocean. Those who remained crossed the meridian we
now call the International Date Line in the early spring of 1521 after ninety-eight days on the
Pacific Ocean. During those long days at sea, many of Magellan's men died of starvation and
disease.
Later Magellan became involved in an insular conflict in the Philippines and was killed in a
tribal battle. Only one ship and seventeen sailors under the command of the Basque navigator
Elcano survived to complete the westward journey to Spain and thus prove once and for all that
the world is round, with no precipice at the edge. Magellan lost the favor of the king of Portugal when he became involved in a political ___. .
A
entanglement
B
negotiation
C
problems
D
discussion
Answer: discussion
#22.
In the sixteenth century, an age of great marine and terrestrial exploration, Ferdinand Magellan
led the first expedition to sail around the world. As a young Portuguese noble, he served the king
of Portugal, but he became involved in the quagmire of political intrigue at court and lost the
king's favor. After he was dismissed from service to the king of Portugal, he offered to serve the
future Emperor Charles V of Spain.
A papal decree of 1493 had assigned all land in the New World west of 50 degrees W longitude
to Spain and all the land east of that line to Portugal. Magellan offered to prove that the East
Indies fell under Spanish authority. On September 20, 1519, Magellan set sail from Spain with
five ships. More than a year later, one of these ships was exploring the topography of South
America in search of a water route across the continent. This ship sank, but the remaining four
ships searched along the southern peninsula of South America. Finally they found the passage
they sought near a latitude of 50 degrees S. Magellan named this passage the Strait of All Saints,
but today we know it as the Strait of Magellan.
One ship deserted while in this passage and returned to Spain, so fewer sailors were privileged to
gaze at that first panorama of the Pacific Ocean. Those who remained crossed the meridian we
now call the International Date Line in the early spring of 1521 after ninety-eight days on the
Pacific Ocean. During those long days at sea, many of Magellan's men died of starvation and
disease.
Later Magellan became involved in an insular conflict in the Philippines and was killed in a
tribal battle. Only one ship and seventeen sailors under the command of the Basque navigator
Elcano survived to complete the westward journey to Spain and thus prove once and for all that
the world is round, with no precipice at the edge.
One of Magellan's ships explored the ___ of South America for a passage across the continent.
A
physical features
B
coastline
C
mountain range
D
islands
Answer: physical features
#23.
In the sixteenth century, an age of great marine and terrestrial exploration, Ferdinand Magellan
led the first expedition to sail around the world. As a young Portuguese noble, he served the king
of Portugal, but he became involved in the quagmire of political intrigue at court and lost the
king's favor. After he was dismissed from service to the king of Portugal, he offered to serve the
future Emperor Charles V of Spain.
A papal decree of 1493 had assigned all land in the New World west of 50 degrees W longitude
to Spain and all the land east of that line to Portugal. Magellan offered to prove that the East
Indies fell under Spanish authority. On September 20, 1519, Magellan set sail from Spain with
five ships. More than a year later, one of these ships was exploring the topography of South
America in search of a water route across the continent. This ship sank, but the remaining four
ships searched along the southern peninsula of South America. Finally they found the passage
they sought near a latitude of 50 degrees S. Magellan named this passage the Strait of All Saints,
but today we know it as the Strait of Magellan.
One ship deserted while in this passage and returned to Spain, so fewer sailors were privileged to
gaze at that first panorama of the Pacific Ocean. Those who remained crossed the meridian we
now call the International Date Line in the early spring of 1521 after ninety-eight days on the
Pacific Ocean. During those long days at sea, many of Magellan's men died of starvation and
disease.
Later Magellan became involved in an insular conflict in the Philippines and was killed in a
tribal battle. Only one ship and seventeen sailors under the command of the Basque navigator
Elcano survived to complete the westward journey to Spain and thus prove once and for all that
the world is round, with no precipice at the edge.
Four of the ships sought a passage along a southern ___.
A
coast
B
body of land with water on three sides
C
inland
D
border
Answer: body of land with water on three sides
#24.
In the sixteenth century, an age of great marine and terrestrial exploration, Ferdinand Magellan
led the first expedition to sail around the world. As a young Portuguese noble, he served the king
of Portugal, but he became involved in the quagmire of political intrigue at court and lost the
king's favor. After he was dismissed from service to the king of Portugal, he offered to serve the
future Emperor Charles V of Spain.
A papal decree of 1493 had assigned all land in the New World west of 50 degrees W longitude
to Spain and all the land east of that line to Portugal. Magellan offered to prove that the East
Indies fell under Spanish authority. On September 20, 1519, Magellan set sail from Spain with
five ships. More than a year later, one of these ships was exploring the topography of South
America in search of a water route across the continent. This ship sank, but the remaining four
ships searched along the southern peninsula of South America. Finally they found the passage
they sought near a latitude of 50 degrees S. Magellan named this passage the Strait of All Saints,
but today we know it as the Strait of Magellan.
One ship deserted while in this passage and returned to Spain, so fewer sailors were privileged to
gaze at that first panorama of the Pacific Ocean. Those who remained crossed the meridian we
now call the International Date Line in the early spring of 1521 after ninety-eight days on the
Pacific Ocean. During those long days at sea, many of Magellan's men died of starvation and
disease.
Later Magellan became involved in an insular conflict in the Philippines and was killed in a
tribal battle. Only one ship and seventeen sailors under the command of the Basque navigator
Elcano survived to complete the westward journey to Spain and thus prove once and for all that
the world is round, with no precipice at the edge.
The passage was found near 50 degrees S of ___.
A
Portugal
B
The equator
C
Greenwich
D
Spain
Answer: The equator
#25.
In the sixteenth century, an age of great marine and terrestrial exploration, Ferdinand Magellan
led the first expedition to sail around the world. As a young Portuguese noble, he served the king
of Portugal, but he became involved in the quagmire of political intrigue at court and lost the
king's favor. After he was dismissed from service to the king of Portugal, he offered to serve the
future Emperor Charles V of Spain.
A papal decree of 1493 had assigned all land in the New World west of 50 degrees W longitude
to Spain and all the land east of that line to Portugal. Magellan offered to prove that the East
Indies fell under Spanish authority. On September 20, 1519, Magellan set sail from Spain with
five ships. More than a year later, one of these ships was exploring the topography of South
America in search of a water route across the continent. This ship sank, but the remaining four
ships searched along the southern peninsula of South America. Finally they found the passage
they sought near a latitude of 50 degrees S. Magellan named this passage the Strait of All Saints,
but today we know it as the Strait of Magellan.
One ship deserted while in this passage and returned to Spain, so fewer sailors were privileged to
gaze at that first panorama of the Pacific Ocean. Those who remained crossed the meridian we
now call the International Date Line in the early spring of 1521 after ninety-eight days on the
Pacific Ocean. During those long days at sea, many of Magellan's men died of starvation and
disease.
Later Magellan became involved in an insular conflict in the Philippines and was killed in a
tribal battle. Only one ship and seventeen sailors under the command of the Basque navigator
Elcano survived to complete the westward journey to Spain and thus prove once and for all that
the world is round, with no precipice at the edge.
In the spring of 1521, the ships crossed the ___ now called the International Date Line.
A
land mass
B
area
C
imaginary circle passing through the poles
D
Imaginary line parallel to the equator
Answer: imaginary circle passing through the poles
#26.
Marie Curie was one of the most accomplished scientists in history. Together with her husband,
Pierre, she discovered radium, an element widely used for treating cancer, and studied uranium
and other radioactive substances. Pierre and Marie's amicable collaboration later helped to
unlock the secrets of the atom.
Marie was born in 1867 in Warsaw, Poland, where her father was a professor of physics. At the
early age, she displayed a brilliant mind and a blithe personality. Her great exuberance for
learning prompted her to continue with her studies after high school. She became disgruntled,
however, when she learned that the university in Warsaw was closed to women. Determined to
receive a higher education, she defiantly left Poland and in 1891 entered the Sorbonne, a French
university, where she earned her master's degree and doctorate in physics.
Marie was fortunate to have studied at the Sorbonne with some of the greatest scientists of her
day, one of whom was Pierre Curie. Marie and Pierre were married in 1895 and spent many
productive years working together in the physics laboratory. A short time after they discovered
radium, Pierre was killed by a horse-drawn wagon in 1906. Marie was stunned by this horrible
misfortune and endured heartbreaking anguish. Despondently she recalled their close
relationship and the joy that they had shared in scientific research. The fact that she had two
young daughters to raise by herself greatly increased her distress.
Curie's feeling of desolation finally began to fade when she was asked to succeed her husband as
a physics professor at the Sorbonne. She was the first woman to be given a professorship at the
world-famous university. In 1911 she received the Nobel Prize in chemistry for isolating radium.
Although Marie Curie eventually suffered a fatal illness from her long exposure to radium, she
never became disillusioned about her work. Regardless of the consequences, she had dedicated
herself to science and to revealing the mysteries of the physical world.
The Curies' ____ collaboration helped to unlock the secrets of the atom.
A
friendly
B
competitive
C
courteous
D
industrious
Answer: friendly
#27.
Marie Curie was one of the most accomplished scientists in history. Together with her husband,
Pierre, she discovered radium, an element widely used for treating cancer, and studied uranium
and other radioactive substances. Pierre and Marie's amicable collaboration later helped to
unlock the secrets of the atom.
Marie was born in 1867 in Warsaw, Poland, where her father was a professor of physics. At the
early age, she displayed a brilliant mind and a blithe personality. Her great exuberance for
learning prompted her to continue with her studies after high school. She became disgruntled,
however, when she learned that the university in Warsaw was closed to women. Determined to
receive a higher education, she defiantly left Poland and in 1891 entered the Sorbonne, a French
university, where she earned her master's degree and doctorate in physics.
Marie was fortunate to have studied at the Sorbonne with some of the greatest scientists of her
day, one of whom was Pierre Curie. Marie and Pierre were married in 1895 and spent many
productive years working together in the physics laboratory. A short time after they discovered
radium, Pierre was killed by a horse-drawn wagon in 1906. Marie was stunned by this horrible
misfortune and endured heartbreaking anguish. Despondently she recalled their close
relationship and the joy that they had shared in scientific research. The fact that she had two
young daughters to raise by herself greatly increased her distress.
Curie's feeling of desolation finally began to fade when she was asked to succeed her husband as
a physics professor at the Sorbonne. She was the first woman to be given a professorship at the
world-famous university. In 1911 she received the Nobel Prize in chemistry for isolating radium.
Although Marie Curie eventually suffered a fatal illness from her long exposure to radium, she
never became disillusioned about her work. Regardless of the consequences, she had dedicated
herself to science and to revealing the mysteries of the physical world.
Marie had a bright mind and a __personality.
A
strong
B
humorous
C
lighthearted
D
strange
Answer: lighthearted
#28.
Marie Curie was one of the most accomplished scientists in history. Together with her husband,
Pierre, she discovered radium, an element widely used for treating cancer, and studied uranium
and other radioactive substances. Pierre and Marie's amicable collaboration later helped to
unlock the secrets of the atom.
Marie was born in 1867 in Warsaw, Poland, where her father was a professor of physics. At the
early age, she displayed a brilliant mind and a blithe personality. Her great exuberance for
learning prompted her to continue with her studies after high school. She became disgruntled,
however, when she learned that the university in Warsaw was closed to women. Determined to
receive a higher education, she defiantly left Poland and in 1891 entered the Sorbonne, a French
university, where she earned her master's degree and doctorate in physics.
Marie was fortunate to have studied at the Sorbonne with some of the greatest scientists of her
day, one of whom was Pierre Curie. Marie and Pierre were married in 1895 and spent many
productive years working together in the physics laboratory. A short time after they discovered
radium, Pierre was killed by a horse-drawn wagon in 1906. Marie was stunned by this horrible
misfortune and endured heartbreaking anguish. Despondently she recalled their close
relationship and the joy that they had shared in scientific research. The fact that she had two
young daughters to raise by herself greatly increased her distress.
Curie's feeling of desolation finally began to fade when she was asked to succeed her husband as
a physics professor at the Sorbonne. She was the first woman to be given a professorship at the
world-famous university. In 1911 she received the Nobel Prize in chemistry for isolating radium.
Although Marie Curie eventually suffered a fatal illness from her long exposure to radium, she
never became disillusioned about her work. Regardless of the consequences, she had dedicated
herself to science and to revealing the mysteries of the physical world.
When she learned that she could not attend the university in Warsaw, she felt___.
A
annoyed
B
hopeless
C
depressed
D
worried
Answer: annoyed
#29.
Marie Curie was one of the most accomplished scientists in history. Together with her husband,
Pierre, she discovered radium, an element widely used for treating cancer, and studied uranium
and other radioactive substances. Pierre and Marie's amicable collaboration later helped to
unlock the secrets of the atom.
Marie was born in 1867 in Warsaw, Poland, where her father was a professor of physics. At the
early age, she displayed a brilliant mind and a blithe personality. Her great exuberance for
learning prompted her to continue with her studies after high school. She became disgruntled,
however, when she learned that the university in Warsaw was closed to women. Determined to
receive a higher education, she defiantly left Poland and in 1891 entered the Sorbonne, a French
university, where she earned her master's degree and doctorate in physics.
Marie was fortunate to have studied at the Sorbonne with some of the greatest scientists of her
day, one of whom was Pierre Curie. Marie and Pierre were married in 1895 and spent many
productive years working together in the physics laboratory. A short time after they discovered
radium, Pierre was killed by a horse-drawn wagon in 1906. Marie was stunned by this horrible
misfortune and endured heartbreaking anguish. Despondently she recalled their close
relationship and the joy that they had shared in scientific research. The fact that she had two
young daughters to raise by herself greatly increased her distress.
Curie's feeling of desolation finally began to fade when she was asked to succeed her husband as
a physics professor at the Sorbonne. She was the first woman to be given a professorship at the
world-famous university. In 1911 she received the Nobel Prize in chemistry for isolating radium.
Although Marie Curie eventually suffered a fatal illness from her long exposure to radium, she
never became disillusioned about her work. Regardless of the consequences, she had dedicated
herself to science and to revealing the mysteries of the physical world.
Marie ___ by leaving Poland and traveling to France to enter the Sorbonne.
A
was distressed
B
behaved
C
challenged authority
D
showed intelligence
Answer: challenged authority
#30.
Marie Curie was one of the most accomplished scientists in history. Together with her husband,
Pierre, she discovered radium, an element widely used for treating cancer, and studied uranium
and other radioactive substances. Pierre and Marie's amicable collaboration later helped to
unlock the secrets of the atom.
Marie was born in 1867 in Warsaw, Poland, where her father was a professor of physics. At the
early age, she displayed a brilliant mind and a blithe personality. Her great exuberance for
learning prompted her to continue with her studies after high school. She became disgruntled,
however, when she learned that the university in Warsaw was closed to women. Determined to
receive a higher education, she defiantly left Poland and in 1891 entered the Sorbonne, a French
university, where she earned her master's degree and doctorate in physics.
Marie was fortunate to have studied at the Sorbonne with some of the greatest scientists of her
day, one of whom was Pierre Curie. Marie and Pierre were married in 1895 and spent many
productive years working together in the physics laboratory. A short time after they discovered
radium, Pierre was killed by a horse-drawn wagon in 1906. Marie was stunned by this horrible
misfortune and endured heartbreaking anguish. Despondently she recalled their close
relationship and the joy that they had shared in scientific research. The fact that she had two
young daughters to raise by herself greatly increased her distress.
Curie's feeling of desolation finally began to fade when she was asked to succeed her husband as
a physics professor at the Sorbonne. She was the first woman to be given a professorship at the
world-famous university. In 1911 she received the Nobel Prize in chemistry for isolating radium.
Although Marie Curie eventually suffered a fatal illness from her long exposure to radium, she
never became disillusioned about her work. Regardless of the consequences, she had dedicated
herself to science and to revealing the mysteries of the physical world.
_____she remembered their joy together.
A
Happily
B
Tearfully
C
Dejectedly
D
Worried
Answer: Dejectedly
#31.
Marie Curie was one of the most accomplished scientists in history. Together with her husband,
Pierre, she discovered radium, an element widely used for treating cancer, and studied uranium
and other radioactive substances. Pierre and Marie's amicable collaboration later helped to
unlock the secrets of the atom.
Marie was born in 1867 in Warsaw, Poland, where her father was a professor of physics. At the
early age, she displayed a brilliant mind and a blithe personality. Her great exuberance for
learning prompted her to continue with her studies after high school. She became disgruntled,
however, when she learned that the university in Warsaw was closed to women. Determined to
receive a higher education, she defiantly left Poland and in 1891 entered the Sorbonne, a French
university, where she earned her master's degree and doctorate in physics.
Marie was fortunate to have studied at the Sorbonne with some of the greatest scientists of her
day, one of whom was Pierre Curie. Marie and Pierre were married in 1895 and spent many
productive years working together in the physics laboratory. A short time after they discovered
radium, Pierre was killed by a horse-drawn wagon in 1906. Marie was stunned by this horrible
misfortune and endured heartbreaking anguish. Despondently she recalled their close
relationship and the joy that they had shared in scientific research. The fact that she had two
young daughters to raise by herself greatly increased her distress.
Curie's feeling of desolation finally began to fade when she was asked to succeed her husband as
a physics professor at the Sorbonne. She was the first woman to be given a professorship at the
world-famous university. In 1911 she received the Nobel Prize in chemistry for isolating radium.
Although Marie Curie eventually suffered a fatal illness from her long exposure to radium, she
never became disillusioned about her work. Regardless of the consequences, she had dedicated
herself to science and to revealing the mysteries of the physical world.
Her ____ began to fade when she returned to the Sorbonne to succeed her husband.
A
misfortune
B
ambition
C
disappointment
D
wretchedness
Answer: wretchedness
#32.
Marie Curie was one of the most accomplished scientists in history. Together with her husband,
Pierre, she discovered radium, an element widely used for treating cancer, and studied uranium
and other radioactive substances. Pierre and Marie's amicable collaboration later helped to
unlock the secrets of the atom.
Marie was born in 1867 in Warsaw, Poland, where her father was a professor of physics. At the
early age, she displayed a brilliant mind and a blithe personality. Her great exuberance for
learning prompted her to continue with her studies after high school. She became disgruntled,
however, when she learned that the university in Warsaw was closed to women. Determined to
receive a higher education, she defiantly left Poland and in 1891 entered the Sorbonne, a French
university, where she earned her master's degree and doctorate in physics.
Marie was fortunate to have studied at the Sorbonne with some of the greatest scientists of her
day, one of whom was Pierre Curie. Marie and Pierre were married in 1895 and spent many
productive years working together in the physics laboratory. A short time after they discovered
radium, Pierre was killed by a horse-drawn wagon in 1906. Marie was stunned by this horrible
misfortune and endured heartbreaking anguish. Despondently she recalled their close
relationship and the joy that they had shared in scientific research. The fact that she had two
young daughters to raise by herself greatly increased her distress.
Curie's feeling of desolation finally began to fade when she was asked to succeed her husband as
a physics professor at the Sorbonne. She was the first woman to be given a professorship at the
world-famous university. In 1911 she received the Nobel Prize in chemistry for isolating radium.
Although Marie Curie eventually suffered a fatal illness from her long exposure to radium, she
never became disillusioned about her work. Regardless of the consequences, she had dedicated
herself to science and to revealing the mysteries of the physical world.
Even though she became fatally ill from working with radium, Marie Curie was never ____.
A
disturbed
B
disappointed
C
sorrowful
D
troubled
Answer: disappointed
#33.
The concepts of Epicureanism are largely known to us through Lucretius, rather than Epicurus. The latter, born an Athenian citizen in Samos in 341, founded his school in his garden, a symbol of retirement from the world, in 306 and died in 270 BC. ,br>
For the Epicurean, the universe was chaotic and anarchic, composed of atoms and the void. All knowledge was acquired by sense perception; observation was therefore essential to understanding. There were an infinite number for worlds, formed by the chance combination of atoms an infinite space. The gods, unconcerned about human affairs, lived in the void between the different worlds. They were not to be regarded superstitiously or feared only to be envied.
Man himself was made up of body and soul. Death was not to be feared. There was no such thing as immortality; after death, atoms of the soul were scattered. The aim of life therefore was pleasure, the pursuit of which brought about happiness, the final end. The injunction to follow nature meant, seek pleasure. Everything was desirable insofar as it led to pleasure, but above all, the aim was absence of pain and the achievement of peace of mind. This would be obtained personally by self-control, the mastery and limitation of desires as far as possible to those that were strictly necessary. Also it implied limitation of social relationships-"live unknown"-refusal to be involved in family or political affairs, skepticism toward religion, which the Epicureans considered largely superstition.
Who was born an Athenian citizen in Samos in 341 B.C?
A
Lucretius
B
Epicurus
C
Athenian
D
Man
Answer: Epicurus
#34.
The concepts of Epicureanism are largely known to us through Lucretius, rather than Epicurus. The latter, born an Athenian citizen in Samos in 341, founded his school in his garden, a symbol of retirement from the world, in 306 and died in 270 BC. ,br>
For the Epicurean, the universe was chaotic and anarchic, composed of atoms and the void. All knowledge was acquired by sense perception; observation was therefore essential to understanding. There were an infinite number for worlds, formed by the chance combination of atoms an infinite space. The gods, unconcerned about human affairs, lived in the void between the different worlds. They were not to be regarded superstitiously or feared only to be envied.
Man himself was made up of body and soul. Death was not to be feared. There was no such thing as immortality; after death, atoms of the soul were scattered. The aim of life therefore was pleasure, the pursuit of which brought about happiness, the final end. The injunction to follow nature meant, seek pleasure. Everything was desirable insofar as it led to pleasure, but above all, the aim was absence of pain and the achievement of peace of mind. This would be obtained personally by self-control, the mastery and limitation of desires as far as possible to those that were strictly necessary. Also it implied limitation of social relationships-"live unknown"-refusal to be involved in family or political affairs, skepticism toward religion, which the Epicureans considered largely superstition.
According to Epicurean, the universe was __________.
A
peaceful and quite
B
chaotic and anarchic
C
empty and peacful
D
too many chaos and war
Answer: chaotic and anarchic
#35.
The concepts of Epicureanism are largely known to us through Lucretius, rather than Epicurus. The latter, born an Athenian citizen in Samos in 341, founded his school in his garden, a symbol of retirement from the world, in 306 and died in 270 BC. ,br>
For the Epicurean, the universe was chaotic and anarchic, composed of atoms and the void. All knowledge was acquired by sense perception; observation was therefore essential to understanding. There were an infinite number for worlds, formed by the chance combination of atoms an infinite space. The gods, unconcerned about human affairs, lived in the void between the different worlds. They were not to be regarded superstitiously or feared only to be envied.
Man himself was made up of body and soul. Death was not to be feared. There was no such thing as immortality; after death, atoms of the soul were scattered. The aim of life therefore was pleasure, the pursuit of which brought about happiness, the final end. The injunction to follow nature meant, seek pleasure. Everything was desirable insofar as it led to pleasure, but above all, the aim was absence of pain and the achievement of peace of mind. This would be obtained personally by self-control, the mastery and limitation of desires as far as possible to those that were strictly necessary. Also it implied limitation of social relationships-"live unknown"-refusal to be involved in family or political affairs, skepticism toward religion, which the Epicureans considered largely superstition.
According to Epicurean, all knowledge was acquired by __________.
A
the gods
B
understanding
C
sense perception
D
observation
Answer: sense perception
#36.
The concepts of Epicureanism are largely known to us through Lucretius, rather than Epicurus. The latter, born an Athenian citizen in Samos in 341, founded his school in his garden, a symbol of retirement from the world, in 306 and died in 270 BC. ,br>
For the Epicurean, the universe was chaotic and anarchic, composed of atoms and the void. All knowledge was acquired by sense perception; observation was therefore essential to understanding. There were an infinite number for worlds, formed by the chance combination of atoms an infinite space. The gods, unconcerned about human affairs, lived in the void between the different worlds. They were not to be regarded superstitiously or feared only to be envied.
Man himself was made up of body and soul. Death was not to be feared. There was no such thing as immortality; after death, atoms of the soul were scattered. The aim of life therefore was pleasure, the pursuit of which brought about happiness, the final end. The injunction to follow nature meant, seek pleasure. Everything was desirable insofar as it led to pleasure, but above all, the aim was absence of pain and the achievement of peace of mind. This would be obtained personally by self-control, the mastery and limitation of desires as far as possible to those that were strictly necessary. Also it implied limitation of social relationships-"live unknown"-refusal to be involved in family or political affairs, skepticism toward religion, which the Epicureans considered largely superstition.
#37.
“Only two things in life are certain, Benjamin Franklin once remarked: death and
taxes. But there is one other unpleasant uncertainty: criticism. No one escapes it
entirely. And often our careers, our emotional stability, our happiness depend on how
we react to it...”
“...A Disraeli once remarked. ‘It is much easier to be critical than correct’ – so there
will always be plenty of critics in the world, some well intentioned, others cruel. You can
defend yourself against the unkind ones by learning to control your emotional reactions,
by adopting a calm and rational attitude and by honestly trying to help your critics to rid themselves of their anger. But in the last analysis, your best defense is your own day-today conduct. It is keeping your moral standards high. It is having a clear conscience. It
is living a life without any necessity whatever for deception or for concealment.”
- Norman Vincent Peale
Why should we all learn how to cope with criticism?
A
Because reacting to criticism sometimes leads to further trouble.
B
Because reacting to criticism makes one fulfilled.
C
Because criticism are always correct.
D
Because reacting to criticism only warns one’s heart.
Answer: Because reacting to criticism sometimes leads to further trouble.
#38.
“Only two things in life are certain, Benjamin Franklin once remarked: death and
taxes. But there is one other unpleasant uncertainty: criticism. No one escapes it
entirely. And often our careers, our emotional stability, our happiness depend on how
we react to it...”
“...A Disraeli once remarked. ‘It is much easier to be critical than correct’ – so there
will always be plenty of critics in the world, some well intentioned, others cruel. You can
defend yourself against the unkind ones by learning to control your emotional reactions,
by adopting a calm and rational attitude and by honestly trying to help your critics to rid themselves of their anger. But in the last analysis, your best defense is your own day-today conduct. It is keeping your moral standards high. It is having a clear conscience. It
is living a life without any necessity whatever for deception or for concealment.”
- Norman Vincent Peale
According to the author, what is the best defense against criticism?
A
one’s anger
B
a person’s ability to counter-criticize
C
one’s ability to act with deaf ears
D
one’s day to day conduct
Answer: one’s day to day conduct
#39.
“Only two things in life are certain, Benjamin Franklin once remarked: death and
taxes. But there is one other unpleasant uncertainty: criticism. No one escapes it
entirely. And often our careers, our emotional stability, our happiness depend on how
we react to it...”
“...A Disraeli once remarked. ‘It is much easier to be critical than correct’ – so there
will always be plenty of critics in the world, some well intentioned, others cruel. You can
defend yourself against the unkind ones by learning to control your emotional reactions,
by adopting a calm and rational attitude and by honestly trying to help your critics to rid themselves of their anger. But in the last analysis, your best defense is your own day-today conduct. It is keeping your moral standards high. It is having a clear conscience. It
is living a life without any necessity whatever for deception or for concealment.”
- Norman Vincent Peale
According to the author, why is it easier to be critical than correct?
A
Because some people find it easier to praise other people.
B
Because some people are able to control their opinion.
C
Because it is easier to find a flaw in someone else.
D
Because it is easier to control another person’s opinion.
Answer: Because it is easier to find a flaw in someone else.