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General Exams (Nursing Physiologyb) – Page 2

#21. During a routine checkup, Nurse Mariane assesses a male client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) for signs and symptoms of cancer. What is the most common AIDS-related cancer?
A Kaposi’s sarcoma
B Leukemia
C Multiple myeloma
D Squamous cell carcinoma
Answer: Kaposi’s sarcoma
#22. Ricardo is scheduled for a prostatectomy, and the anesthesiologist plans to use a spinal (subarachnoid) block during surgery. In the operating room, the nurse positions the client according to the anesthesiologist’s instructions. Why does the client require special positioning for this type of anesthesia?
A To prevent cardiac arrhythmias
B To prevent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage
C To prevent seizures
D To prevent confusion
Answer: To prevent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage
#23. A male client had a nephrectomy 2 days ago and is now complaining of abdominal pressure and nausea. The first nursing action should be to _______________.
A Insert a rectal tube.
B Change the client’s position.
C Auscultate bowel sounds.
D Palpate the abdomen.
Answer: Auscultate bowel sounds.
#24. Wilfredo with a recent history of rectal bleeding is being prepared for a colonoscopy. How should the nurse Patricia position the client for this test initially?
A Lying on the left side with knees bent
B Lying on the right side with legs straight
C Prone with the torso elevated
D Bent over with hands touching the floor
Answer: Lying on the left side with knees bent
#25. A male client with inflammatory bowel disease undergoes an ileostomy. On the first day after surgery, Nurse Oliver notes that the client’s stoma appears dusky. How should the nurse interpret this finding?
A Blood supply to the stoma has been interrupted.
B An intestinal obstruction has occurred.
C This is a normal finding 1 day after surgery.
D The ostomy bag should be adjusted.
Answer: Blood supply to the stoma has been interrupted.
#26. Anthony suffers burns on the legs, which nursing intervention helps prevent contractures?
A Elevating the foot of the bed
B Hyperextending the client’s palms
C Performing shoulder range-of-motion exercises
D Applying knee splints
Answer: Applying knee splints
#27. Nurse Ron is assessing a client admitted with second- and third-degree burns on the face, arms, and chest. Which finding indicates a potential problem?
A Rectal temperature of 100.6° F (38° C).
B Partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) value of 80 mm Hg.
C White pulmonary secretions.
D Urine output of 20 ml/hour.
Answer: Urine output of 20 ml/hour.
#28. Mr. Mendoza who has suffered a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is too weak to move on his own. To help the client avoid pressure ulcers, Nurse Celia should _______________.
A Reduce the client’s fluid intake.
B Encourage the client to use a footboard.
C Turn him frequently.
D Perform passive range-of-motion (ROM) exercises.
Answer: Turn him frequently.
#29. Nurse Maria plans to administer dexamethasone cream to a female client who has dermatitis over the anterior chest. How should the nurse apply this topical agent?
A With a circular motion, to enhance absorption.
B In long, even, outward, and upward strokes in the direction opposite hair growth
C In long, even, outward, and downward strokes in the direction of hair growth
D With an upward motion, to increase blood supply to the affected area
Answer: In long, even, outward, and downward strokes in the direction of hair growth
#30. Nurse Kate is aware that one of the following classes of medication protect the ischemic myocardium by blocking catecholamines and sympathetic nerve stimulation is _______________.
A Nitrates
B Narcotics
C Beta -adrenergic blockers
D Calcium channel blocker
Answer: Beta -adrenergic blockers
#31. A male client has jugular distention. On what position should the nurse place the head of the bed to obtain the most accurate reading of jugular vein distention?
A Raised 10 degrees
B High Fowler’s
C Supine position
D Raised 30 degrees
Answer: Raised 30 degrees
#32. The nurse is aware that one of the following classes of medications maximizes cardiac performance in clients with heart failure by increasing ventricular contractility?
A Calcium channel blocker
B Beta-adrenergic blockers
C Inotropic agents
D Diuretics
Answer: Inotropic agents
#33. A male client has a reduced serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level and an elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level. Which of the following dietary modifications is not appropriate for this client?
A Less than 10% of calories from saturated fat
B Fiber intake of 25 to 30 g daily
C Cholesterol intake of less than 300 mg daily
D Less than 30% of calories form fat
Answer: Less than 30% of calories form fat
#34. A 37-year-old male client was admitted to the coronary care unit (CCU) 2 days ago with an acute myocardial infarction. Which of the following actions would breach the client confidentiality?
A The CCU nurse gives a verbal report to the nurse on the telemetry unit before transferring the client to that unit
B At the client’s request, the CCU nurse updates the client’s wife on his condition
C The CCU nurse notifies the on-call physician about a change in the client’s condition
D The emergency department nurse calls up the latest electrocardiogram results to check the client’s progress.
Answer: The emergency department nurse calls up the latest electrocardiogram results to check the client’s progress.
#35. A male client arriving in the emergency department is receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation from paramedics who are giving ventilations through an endotracheal (ET) tube that they placed in the client’s home. During a pause in compressions, the cardiac monitor shows narrow QRS complexes and a heart rate of beats/minute with a palpable pulse. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
A Administer atropine, 1 mg L.V.
B Start an L.V. line and administer amiodarone (Cardarone), 300 mg L.V. over 10 minutes.
C Obtain an arterial blood gas (ABG) sample.
D Check endotracheal tube placement.
Answer: Check endotracheal tube placement.
#36. After cardiac surgery, a client’s blood pressure measures 126/80 mm Hg. Nurse Katrina determines that mean arterial pressure (MAP) is which of the following?
A 90 mm Hg
B 80 mm Hg
C 46 mm Hg
D 95 mm Hg
Answer: 95 mm Hg
#37. A female client arrives at the emergency department with chest and stomach pain and a report of black tarry stool for several months. Which of the following order should the nurse Oliver anticipate?
A Electrocardiogram, complete blood count, testing for occult blood, comprehensive serum metabolic panel. Electroencephalogram, alkaline phosphatase
B Prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen and fibrin split product values.
C Electroencephalogram, alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, basic serum metabolic panel
D Cardiac monitor, oxygen, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase levels
Answer: Electrocardiogram, complete blood count, testing for occult blood, comprehensive serum metabolic panel. Electroencephalogram, alkaline phosphatase
#38. Macario had coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery 3 days ago. Which of the following conditions is suspected by the nurse when a decrease in platelet count from 230,000 ul to 5,000 ul is noted?
A Pancytopenia
B Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
C Heparin-associated thrombosis and thrombocytopenia (HATT)
D Idiopathic thrombocytopemic purpura (ITP)
Answer: Heparin-associated thrombosis and thrombocytopenia (HATT)
#39. Which of the following drugs would be ordered by the physician to improve the platelet count in a male client with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)?
A Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA)
B Methotrezate
C Vitamin K
D Corticosteroids
Answer: Corticosteroids
#40. A female client is scheduled to receive a heart valve replacement with a porcine valve. Which of the following types of transplant is this?
A Autologous
B Allogeneic
C Xenogeneic
D Syngeneic
Answer: Xenogeneic
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